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Pop-ups = guerrilla shops that appear, magnetize, vanish—QQ Music power stations, one-day Breakup Flower Shop reverse Valentine copy. From 2003 Dr. Martens and CdG’s 20-city art flashes to China’s post-2015 boom (malls need traffic, e-comm needs offline, brands need breakthroughs toward 3,000 shops), types span new-brand launch, heritage refresh and online/offline drain.